Forestry Optional Course

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Forestry Optional Course – Complete Details

Course Completion : 31st October 2025

Test Series : Included 

Answer Writing : Included
 

📘 Paper I – Forestry (Fundamentals, Silviculture, Environment, Economics)

Unit 1: Silviculture

  • General Principles: ecological & physiological factors, natural/artificial regeneration, nursery techniques, propagation, seed technology.

  • Silvicultural Systems: Clear felling, uniform shelterwood, coppice, conversion systems.

  • Plantation Silviculture: Methods of establishment, enrichment planting, mechanized methods.

  • Silviculture of Trees: Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Bamboo spp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp., Tectona grandis, etc.

  • Silviculture in Special Zones: Mangroves, cold deserts, degraded habitats.

Unit 2: Agroforestry, Social & Urban Forestry

  • Agroforestry scope, necessity, ecological and socio-economic benefits.

  • Systems across agro-ecological zones; role in soil/water conservation, biodiversity, fuel, fodder, NTFPs.

  • Social Forestry: Objectives, scope, benefits, role of NGOs.

  • JFM – principles, methodology, people’s participation.

  • Tribal forestry: livelihood, traditions, customs, cultural practices.

Unit 3: Forest Soils, Soil Conservation & Watershed Management

  • Forest soils: formation, classification, properties.

  • Soil Conservation: causes of erosion, types, techniques (wind/water erosion control, dunes stabilization, shelterbelts).

  • Watershed Management: torrent control, avalanche/landslide management, river channel stabilization.

  • Soil microorganisms, composting, nutrient cycling (N, C cycles).

Unit 4: Environment, Conservation & Biodiversity

  • Afforestation, deforestation, ecosystem balance, population growth impacts.

  • Pollution: air, water, noise – causes, control, monitoring.

  • Ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, global warming.

  • Environmental policy, law, economics of watershed management.

  • Sustainable development in forestry.

Unit 5: Tree Improvement & Seed Technology

  • Tree improvement methods – provenance trials, seed orchards, clonal forestry.

  • Seed technology – seed production, storage, viability.

  • Quantitative genetics, disease resistance, pest resistance.

  • Genetic resources – in situ & ex situ conservation.

Unit 6: Wildlife Biology

  • Forest injuries: pests, diseases, fire, abiotic/biotic stresses.

  • Wildlife conservation: grazing management, poaching control, CO₂ absorption role.

  • Control methods: rotational grazing, encroachment regulation.

Unit 7: Forest Economics & Legislation

  • Forest economics – demand-supply, valuation, cost-benefit analysis.

  • Market structures, co-operatives, corporate financing.

  • Legislation: Indian Forest Acts (1894, 1927, 1980), Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Forest Conservation Act, National Forest Policy (1988, 1990).

  • Public administration in forestry, women’s involvement, decentralization.

📗 Paper II – Forestry (Management, Utilization, Applied)

Unit 1: Forest Management & Working Plans

  • Principles of forest management – sustained yield, multiple use, forest planning.

  • Working plans – preparation, inventory, growth studies.

  • Management of natural and plantation forests.

Unit 2: Forest Mensuration & Surveying

  • Measurement of diameter, height, volume, form factor.

  • Growth and yield estimation, increment studies, sampling techniques.

  • Yield tables, forest inventory methods.

  • Surveying and mapping – basic methods.

Unit 3: Forest Engineering & Utilization

  • Engineering structures in forestry – roads, bridges, buildings.

  • Logging methods, extraction, transport.

  • Timber mechanics – wood properties, seasoning, preservation.

  • Pulp & paper, plywood, composites.

  • Minor forest products – lac, resins, gums, medicinal plants.

Unit 4: Forest Protection

  • Causes of forest damage – fire, pests, diseases, weeds.

  • Fire control – prevention, suppression techniques.

  • Biological, chemical, mechanical control of pests/diseases.

  • Climate hazards – frost, drought, windthrow.

Unit 5: Forest Policy & Administration

  • History of Indian Forest Policy, National Forest Policy.

  • Forest legislation and administration structure.

  • Institutional setup – ICFRE, FSI, State Forest Departments.

  • Role of Panchayats and communities.

Unit 6: Forest Products & Industries

  • Wood utilization – mechanical, chemical, bio-products.

  • Non-wood products – bamboo, cane, medicinal plants, fodder.

  • Economics of forest industries, sustainable harvesting.

Unit 7: Modern Forestry Applications

  • Remote sensing, GIS, forest mapping.

  • Climate change and forestry.

  • Eco-restoration of degraded lands.

  • Carbon sequestration and REDD+.

🗓️ 2-Month Weekly Plan (8 Weeks)

  • Week 1: Silviculture (Principles, Systems, Species)

  • Week 2: Plantation Forestry + Agroforestry + Social Forestry

  • Week 3: Forest Soils + Soil Conservation + Watershed Management

  • Week 4: Environment, Biodiversity, Tree Improvement, Seed Technology

  • Week 5: Wildlife Biology + Forest Economics + Legislations

  • Week 6: Forest Management + Working Plans + Forest Mensuration

  • Week 7: Forest Engineering + Utilization + Forest Protection

  • Week 8: Forest Policy + Forest Industries + Modern Forestry (Remote Sensing, Climate Change) + Full Revision & PYQs

📌 Course Deliverables

  • Complete Coverage of Paper 1 & 2

  • Answer Writing Practice with diagrams, flowcharts, case studies

  • Weekly Assignments & MCQs

  • Previous Year Question Analysis (trend + model answers)

  • Doubt Clearance Sessions

  • Final Full-Length Mock Test (Paper I + Paper II)

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